The other day I met a gentleman online who believed, amongst other things, that income taxes don’t hurt businesses or the economy because they tax the people and not businesses or industry. Today’s blog entry is another installment of Ask Janus in which I’ll be teaching Economics 101. Today’s class: How Raising Taxes On Individuals Hurts Businesses.
Let’s say, just for the sake of this example, you get paid 100 potato chips a month. Of that, 14 potato chips get taken out of your pay check as state and federal income tax by the government before you even get to cash it and another 6 are taken out for Social Security. You spend 40 potato chips a month on your mortgage and home owner’s insurance; 25 potato chips a month for your car note, car insurance, gas, groceries, and utilities; and you manage to save 10 potato chips a month in your rainy day fund – you know, in case your kid has to go to the doctor, or you have a flat on the interstate, or you actually plan on retiring some day.
What you’re left with is 5 chips a month to buy whatever you want. You can go out to a bar, or buy a new pair of shoes, or get a new game, or go paintballing, or take a vacation, or play a few rounds of golf, or take the boat out, or throw a barbecue, or whatever you want. Whatever you do with it, you stimulate the economy.
If you work as a travel agent, for example, people are giving you their 5 chips to go to the Big City for a while. If you sell furniture for a living, people are giving you their 5 chips to get a new couch every couple of years. If you own a restaurant, or a bowling alley, or a mall kiosk, you need those 5 chips to stay in business.
Now let’s say, for example, that the government is going broke under the weight of it’s increased spending and massive debt. To solve the problem, it increases taxes a mere 3%.
You now pay, alltogeather, 23 chips to the government, 65 in expenses you can’t do anything about, and only have 12 chips a month to split between your savings and your spending. Let’s say you’re saving for a new car. You don’t really need it that badly, but you do want it. You decide to cut back to 8 chips a month on your savings and 4 chips a month for recreational spending. You’ve only reduced your monthly spending by 1% of your total income. Most of the burden of the new tax cut is actually coming out of your savings account.
But what happens to the restaurant that counted on your 5 potato chips a month? Now they have to make due with 4 chips. They don’t lose 1% of their income, they lose a whopping 20%. There aren’t many businesses that can handle that. With fewer customers, the smart thing for the restaurant to do, is to lay off a few waiters – maybe even a cook or two. Now the restaurant isn’t hemorrhaging money, but they just fired a bunch of people. Those people stop contributing to the economy entirely.
Not only are they not feeding money into the system that keeps people employed, but now they need to find jobs of their own. They’re desperate. Let’s say they’re willing to do your job, but for 5% less. 10% less. How desperate are they? How much of a pay cut would you take to get employed again?
Now let’s say your own company is starting to feel the pinch. They need to save money somehow. How are they going to do it? They might cut your department budget – if we pack the employees 2 or 3 to an office, we can close the offices across town. They might cut expenses. You don’t really need a new computer, or a secretary, or an answering service. They might cut your benefits. You don’t need health insurance or free lunch at long meetings. They might cut your pay – after all, someone else will do your job cheaper now. But more than likely, with fewer customers and less money coming in, they’d just lay a few people off.
To make matters worse, the economic damage is not the end of the pain higher taxes bring. Saving 8 potato chips instead of 10 means buying a Volkswagen instead of a BMW. It means buying a nice home in the suburbs with a half hour commute instead of being 5 minutes from downtown. It means having to push off retirement for a few more years. It means your children have to work through college instead of being full time students.
Eventually, of course, things will stabilize. Notice that I didn’t say things would return to the way they were, I said stabilize. People will start to get jobs again, which will push money back into the economy, which will halt unemployment and gradually lead to a recovery. Despite this, however, there will still be lingering traces of damage left on the economy.
Even if you don’t get fired, and even if you don’t have to take a pay cut, and even if you don’t lose your health insurance a week before little Suzie gets hurt, you still can’t afford to go out like you used to. Like it or not, that measly little 3% tax hike just cut your income and someone will still be struggling to put food on their table without it.
I’d like to point out that in my example I only raised taxes by 3% and I generously assumed you were in a position to save money. If you’re already struggling with credit card debt or are behind on your mortgage payments, a tax hike can shut down your spending altogether – if it isn’t the straw that breaks the camel’s back and sends you right into bankruptcy.
Everyone (hopefully) understands the concepts of supply and demand. Taxation reduces the demand for your products. Without demand, jobs are lost.
I hope it’s fairly clear how and why taxing citizens hurts businesses and the economy. If you have a question you’d like to ask, feel free to leave a comment, tweet me @janusthemad, or email me at janus at secular conservative dot net.